THEORETICAL
BASE OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE EDUCATION-II
ASSIGNMENT
SUBMITTED BY,
LEKSHMI.C.R
REG.NO:13983010
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
KUCTE, NDD
TOPIC
QUALITIES OF GOOD SCIENCE TEXT BOOK, HAND BOOK ,WORKBOOK, SOURCE BOOK, REFERENCE
BOOK
INTRODUCTION
Publishers make available not only up-to-date and attractive science
textbooks but a good variety of books for supplementary reading, periodicals
and weekly newspapers that are devoted exclusively to science. Printed
materials being essential part of science curricula play a key role in
effective teaching and learning.
The
text book is the most widely used of all teaching instruments. Few teachers
attempt a programme without one and many administrators require that one be
used. Anytool used as extensively as this is certain to be misused on occasions
and be subject of harsh criticism in consequence.
According
to Bacon Paul,-“A text book is a book for classroom use carefully prepared by
experts in the field and equipped with usual teaching devices.”
OBJECTIVES
OF A GOOD SCIENCE TEXTBOOK
The
following objectives of a good science textbook :
· To
facilitate the learners to understand exactly the various concepts and
fundamental principles of science in a simple and scientific way.
· To
develop scientific attitude , scientific skills and a wide variety of the applications
of the scientific knowledge among the students.
· It
should supplement and enrich classroom learning.
· It
should help pupils in doing home assignments.
QUALITIES
OF A GOOD SCIENCE TEXT BOOK
The following are the impart
qualities of a good science text book:-
Ø The
Author
Ø Mechanical
features
Ø The
subject matter
THE AUTHOR
A
good book mainly depends on the experience and the knowledge of the author. The author should have the
reasonable experience in teaching of that subject on which he is going to
write.
Mechanical
features of the book
It involves paper quality, binding,
printing etc. All these features are also important for a book and these
features should be made attractive and according to the age of students. It is
useful for the understanding of the learners to provide diagrams, sketches etc
clearly, wherever necessary.
Subject
matter
· The
textbook should cover the entire syllabus prescribed, without leaving even a
single bit of information.
· The
content should be arranged sequentially and systematically based on the
psychological principles.
· Adequate
introduction for every lesson is needed.
· Appropriate
assignments should be given at the end of every chapter or unit.
· Headings
and sub- headings should be given in bold type wherever needed.
· Table
of content and glossary of terms should be given in the book.
· Use
of simple and understandable language is recommended.
· Try
to correlate the subject matter with other subjects or with real life wherever
possible in an appropriate manner.
· The
style of the book, the get up, etc should be of good standard.
· Individual
differences should be taken into consideration, while preparing a textbook.
Selection
of science textbook
Louise. F. Vogel developed an
evaluation scale called Vogel’s score card, that may be a guide for selecting a
science textbook. The major criteria suggested are grouped under ten major
headings,
1. Qualifications
of the author
2. Organization
3. Content
4. Presentation
of materials
5. Accuracy
6. Readability
7. Adaptability
8. Teaching
aids
9. Illustrations
10.
Appearance
Vogel’s Spot
Check EVALUATION Scale
Text book : ....................
Author : ....................
Publisher : ....................
Copyright : ....................
Year :
....................
Price :
.....................
Score :
.....................
1.
Qualifications
of the author
i. The
author has taught the subject on which he is writing [ ]
ii. The
author holds advanced degrees in related fields [ ]
iii. The
author has received assistance from specialists in preparing his
manuscripts
[ ]
iv. The
author’s point of view , theory , or philosophy is in harmony with that of the
school
[ ]
Partial score
2.
Organisation
i.
There is a central theme which
correlates the whole textbook
[
]
ii.
The textbook is organized into units
which are based on student interest and
probability of use in everyday life
[ ]
iii.
The organization makes use of topics already taught
in the school
[ ]
iv.
Questions or problems at the end of
chapter are graded explicity in difficulty order
[ ]
Partial
score
3.
Content
i. The
textbook contains all the topics necessary for my purpose
[ ]
ii. Material for one part of the textbook is
cross- referenced with similar material in other part of the book [ ]
iii. The
historical development of science is given some place [ ]
iv. Topics
dealing with the latest advances of science are included
[ ]
v. The
social significance of science is stressed [ ]
Partial score
4.
Presentation
Of Materials
i. The
inductive approach is used wherever possible in introducing new topics
[ ]
ii. The
problem- solving aspect of science method is stressed [ ]
iii. The
author’s style is informal and interesting [ ]
iv. Unfamiliar
scientific terms are set in italics or bold face [ ]
v. Important
principles are set in italics or bold face [ ]
Partial score
5.
Accuracy
i. All
items on the pages are indicated in the index [ ]
ii. The
items looked up are scientifically correct [ ]
iii. Telelogical
expressions are avoided [ ]
iv. Personification
is avoided
[ ]
v. No
ambiguity is apparent [ ]
Partial score
6. Readability
i. The
average number of words per sentence is below 21 [ ]
ii. 60%
of the sentences are simple or compound
as opposed to complex
[ ]
iii. These
are atleast four personal references per 100 words [ ]
iv. There
is atleast one application for each abstract principle [ ]
v. There
are not more than 42 affixes per 100 words [ ]
Partial score
7. Adaptability
i. The
textbook is satisfactory for low , average and brilliant students
[ ]
ii. Students
with rural and city background will find the text useful [
]
iii. The
textbook is arranged so that certain sections can be readily omitted
[ ]
iv. The
author treat controversial subject impartially [ ]
v. In
general the text fits my particular community need [ ]
Partial
score
8. Teaching Aids
i. Summaries
, questions and problems at the end of chapters are adequate
[ ]
ii. References
for teachers and students are annotated
[ ]
iii. Appendix material is pertinent and useful [ ]
iv. The
teacher’s manual is more than an answer-book [ ]
v. An
annotated up to date film list is provided [ ]
Partial score
9. Illustrations
i. The illustrations are relatively modern [ ]
ii. The photographic reproductions are large and
clear [ ]
iii. The line cuts are well drawn and adequately
labelled [ ]
iv. The figures are tied into the textual material by direct reference
[ ]
v. The legends under the illustrations are
useful learning devices
[ ]
Partial score
10. Appearance
i. The
appearance of the cover is attractive [ ]
ii. The
size and shape of the textbook would not be a handicap to students
[ ]
iii. The
placement of the illustrations is pleasing [ ]
iv. The
design of most pages is open , rather than crowded [ ]
v. The
size of the type makes for easy reading [ ]
Partial score
PUPIL’S
WORK BOOK
Science work book is an adjunct
to science text book. For effective learning, pupils should have opportunities
for practicing what they have learnt. Pupil’s work book in fact a practice
material for pupils, the content of which is arranged in the order of the text
book on which is based. A work book contains summary of each chapter of the
textbook, exercises of different kinds , key to exercises and suggestions for
practicals, assignments and improvisation.
Advantages
· Work
book supplements classroom learning.
· It promotes self learning and self assessment.
· It
provides for working out different types of assignments.
· It
gives practice of classroom learning and thereby reinforces learning.
· It
promotes scientific thinking.
TEACHER’S HAND BOOK
Or
GUIDE BOOK FOR TEACHERS
Teacher’s hand book is an excellent
reference material for teachers for effective science teaching. In our state,
it is prepared by the SCERT along with text books prepared by them. It contains
summaries of chapter in the science text books, conceptual development of each
topic, list of instructional objectives and specifications, explanation of
significant technical terms, learning activities, precautions to be taken while
attempting demonstrations, teaching aids
to be used, assignments of various kinds, evaluation tools, co-curricular
activities that can be organized, seminars, projects etc to be organized and
suggested references for teachers and pupils. In short, t6eacher’s hand book is
a resource material for teachers.
Advantages
· It
equips the teacher with sufficient theoretical knowledge and practical
suggestions of what is to be taught.
· It
provides suitable learning experiences for different instructional situations.
· It
helps teachers to adopt appropriate methods and approaches of teaching.
· It
helps the teacher prepare various instructional materials.
· It
helps the teacher evaluate learning using relevant and standard tools of
evaluation.
REFERENCE
BOOKS
Reference books are used to find factual information on a
subject and are not. Usually read all the way through or chapter by chapter. In
a k-12 library, refer- book are usually located in a special reference
collection areas and cannot be checked out. Reference book include
dictionaries, encyclopedia, thecauei, almanacs, an comparison, a reference book
or reference only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library
and not borrowed from the library.
SOURCE
BOOK
The term sorce book is used to
describe many different kinds of books such as collection of core articles,
bibiliographies, biographies, printed archival sources, directories, and so on.
These seems to be no conschsus in the application of the term.
CONCLUSION
A good science text
book should help to form correct
understanding of basic concepts and principles of science. Now a days text book
has become, a course of study, a set of unit plans and a learning guide as
well. A text book is an economical device for teachers and students as it gives
direction and saves time and energy. Also hand book is excellent reference
material for teachers.
REFERENCE
· Methods
of teaching physical science -
Dr.L.Rajasekar
· Innovative
science teaching – Dr.Radha Mohan
· Science
education- Dr.k.Sivarajan
Prof.A.Faziluddin
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